PWHT of closing joint on the head to steam generator welded joint
More informationManufactured and tested the electrical PWHT furnace control system for reactor welded joints
More informationHeat treatment of a ball tank with a volume of 2000 m3
More informationwe have been producing equipment for heat treatment of welds for more than 20 years
More informationAfter receiving your request we shall immediately send you our full catalogue of equipment, consumables and spares for local heat treatment (PWHT or preheating) of welded joint.
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The characteristic signs of using an arc welding are the heterogeneity of metall structure, welded joint and heat-affected zone (HAZ) properties as well as welding stress presence, which appear immediately after the welding process.
Ununiform structure and properties of welded joint appear as the result of uneven heating. At the time, when the metal melts during the welding process, it reaches a temperature of 2000°C, while the surrounding metal layers are not so hot, so they retain a solid structure. Because of this, the strength of the welded joint often exceeds the strength of the other metal.
An area of metal arises along the welded joint and reaches a high temperature and then cools to the surrounding temperature during the process of welding. This area is called the heat-affected zone (HAZ).
All metals shrink with temperature drop. Cold metal layers confront the process in the area of welding joint and HAZ. As a consequence, it makes welding stress. Welding stresses can reach significant values close to the yield strength (250-350 MPa). Welding stresses are dangerous because they can cause cracks in welded joints, especially from alloyed steels. In addition steels cool quickly during the process of welding under production conditions, which leads to the formation of hardening structures in the welded joint and HAZ. It also contributes to the appearance of cracks. At high welded stress, a special type of destruction in the presence of certain chemicals can occur - stress corrosion cracking (SCC). For example, very low chloride concentrations can seriously affect usually resistant stainless steels.
Another problem is hydrogen. If there is water in the welding zone, it may appear under an electric arc. Water will be decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen, which will fall into the melted metal. The presence of hydrogen can lead to serious welding problems.
One of the main ways of solving these problems and increasing the reliability of welded joints is heating or post weld heat treatment (PWHT), as a result of which the level of welding stresses is reduced, the structure and properties of the joint metals are improved, and hydrogen is removed.
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